Organizational Design of Adidas - 1985 Words

Organizational Design of Adidas In this chapter, we have reviewed the Organizational Structure and Culture of Adidas. Though Adidas-Salomon is a company, which is in the business of manufacturing and marketing a wide range of products, the emphasis of our study is on the footwear business (core business) of Adidas. A Review on the Organizational Structure of Adidas The Head Quarter of Adidas-Salomon is situated in a small town named Herzogenaurach in Germany. This head office only manages the support function of Adidas such RD, marketing sales etc. and that too of the European, African and Asian regions only. The American region is monitored by Adidas America, which is an autonomous division and has been made to increase the market†¦show more content†¦Adidas also has offices all over the world which work as sales centers of its product in their respective countries. Adidas soon wants to finish manufacturing all sorts of products. It wants its products to be manufactured by subcontractors. It only wants to take care of the marketing of its brand and products. In the past, Adidas had been following the traditional â€Å"footwear and apparel† structure which was being followed by most of the sports equipment companies. To cope with uncertain and competitive environment, most of the footwear and apparel companies shifted to flexible structures to deal with the environmental uncertainties. For example, Nike and Reebok shifted to a â€Å"Network Structure†. A network organization is a collection of independent, mostly single-function firms. The dynamic network structure describes not one organization but the web of interrelationship between many firms. The network as whole can display the technical specialization of the functional structure, the market responsiveness of the product structure and the balance and flexibility of a matrix. [pic] In 2000, Adidas announced revolutionary new three divisional structure. 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An Online Class Study Health Care Administration - 1017 Words

Attending an online class studying health care administration has been informative for my career success. Within this class, I’ve learned the importance of specific formatting styles and academic integrity. I’ve recognized my strengths and weaknesses within master’s program in order to become proficient in my future. In addition, foundations of health care administration class have increased my knowledge about the skills, knowledge and professionalism that this management position should maintain. Gaining the knowledge within this class will build the foundation for success within my scholarly and professional career. Health Care Administration During the term of this class I’ve learned several topics that will advance my career in health care administration. A health administrator is a person that manages the delivery and service of health care. This position handles finance, admission, organizational functions, and employee personnel. 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Sample Report free essay sample

Look at the assignment instructions below Now read the sample report. Read the accompanying comments on the side as you go. iii) Is this is a well-written report in your view? Could it be improved in any way do you think? ASSIGNMENT 2: The Stylish Report Background Colin Coif and Pamela Perm are the owners and operators of a hairdressing business Stylish specialising in ‘high end’ quality hairdressing services. Currently they operate two salons in inner Melbourne, one in Carlton and the other in South Melbourne. As a way of expanding their business, the owners are considering opening a new salon in the Prahran area. Your task Prepare a business report for the owners investigating: i) ii) the overall viability of establishing a salon in the Prahran area; and key management and marketing issues that need to be considered in ensuring the success and profitability of any proposed new outlet. Your report should include analysis of both the Mega and Task environments (see Bartol et al. 2008). You will also need to undertake additional research using a variety of sources (eg. airdressing industry reports, relevant government regulations and local census data, the Yellow Pages etc. ). The report should be approximately 2,500 words in length, excluding the Executive Summary and List of references.  ©Language and Learning Lab, FHEL, Swinburne ASSIGNMENT 2 THE STYLISH REPORT Executive Summary Stylish is a hairdressing business that currently owns and operates two hairdressing salons in inner Melbourne. The study investigated whether the opening of an additional salon in the Prahran area is a viable option for the business. The study consisted of an analysis of both the Mega and Task environments, and was based on information collected from a variety of sources: industry research reports, local government reports, and census data. The conclusion drawn from the analysis is that in the present environment the company would benefit from an expansion of its outlets. A number of recommendations are made concerning the establishing of the new proposed operation including, the need to focus on high quality as opposed to low costs services, and to target the younger, male customer base. In reports you need to clearly indicate how the different sections relate to each other through the use of numbering. Hint: It is best to limit your NUMBERING to three levels – beyond this, it can be difficult for the reader to grasp the structure. i. e. DON’T use 2. 1. 1. 1 i 1. Introduction Stylish is a hairdressing business that currently owns and operates two hairdressing salons in inner Melbourne: Carlton and South Melbourne. The owners of the business (hereon the client) are interested in expanding their operations, and have identified the Prahran area as a possible location for the establishing of a third salon. The purpose of this report is to provide preliminary information to the client about: i) the overall viability of establishing a salon in the Prahran area; and ii) key management and marketing issues that need to be considered in ensuring the success and profitability of any proposed new outlet. Note that the study considers the viability of the business in broad management and marketing terms only; it does not provide a comprehensive financial analysis of the proposed expansion. In the investigation of these issues, two analytical concepts were used, namely Mega Environment and Task Environment. The Mega Environment is concerned with the external environment in which a business operates; the Task Environment considers conditions that a business faces in its immediate environment (Bartol, Tein, Mathews, Sharma Scott-Ladd 2008). Data for the study came from a range of sources related to both these environments including: industry research reports, local government reports, and census data. The report is divided into two main sections: a Findings section, which presents information about both environments as they relate to Stylish; and a Recommendations section which provides specific suggestions for the running of the proposed business. Comment [T5]: The INTRODUCTION provides more detailed information about the first elements of the EXECUTIVE SUMMARY, namely: *BACKGROUND, *PURPOSE and *METHOD Additional elements that are often included in a report introduction are: * SCOPE (what is and isn’t covered in the report), *STRUCTURE (how the report is organised). Note that the INTRODUCTION does NOT include any discussion of FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS or RECOMMENDATIONS). Comment [T6]: PURPOSE Comment [T7]: SCOPE Comment [T8]: METHOD Comment [T9]: STRUCTURE 2. Findings The viability of establishing a new salon was considered in relation to two broad areas the mega environment and the task environment (Bartol et al. 2008). Each of these areas is discussed below. 2. 1 Mega Environment The mega environment refers to the larger external environment in which an organisation operates, that is to say, broad societal conditions and trends. Significantly, the elements of the mega environment are ones that an organisation has little or no influence over. The mega environment can be divided into five main components: i) economic; ii) legal/political; iii) technological; iv) socio-cultural/demographic; and v) international/global (Bartol et al. 2008). The relevance of each of these areas is discussed in relation to Stylish. Comment [T10]: This section describes part of the ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK used in the study – â€Å"the Mega Environment†. Central to all reports is the ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK. This is the key idea or concept that you use to analyse the findings of your study. Usually the ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK will come from the textbook or notes you are using in the unit of study. Hint: It is important to highlight the ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK in any report, and to show clearly that you understand its importance in your study. name and student number Page 2 2. 1. 1 Economic element The economic element refers to â€Å"systems of producing, distributing and consuming wealth† (Bartol et al. 008, p. 72. ). In considering the economic factors relating to the proposed business, it is not possible to overlook the impact of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), and its continuing aftermath. While Australia has so far resisted falling into recession, the Australian Bureau of Statistics (2011) records that household incomes were significantly lower in 2009/10 than they were over 2007/08. In such an environment, consumers have remai ned highly cautious in their spending (Kusher 2011). IBIS World Report (2011, p. ) states that: â€Å"movements in real household disposable income do affect the hairdressing and beauty industry†, although as a ‘necessity of life’ service, hairdressing is less generally affected than other consumer areas. It is noted that while recent conditions in the industry have been poor, the outlook over the period 2012 – 2015 is expected to be more positive with a projected average annual rate of growth of 3. 6%, as indicated in Table 1 (IBIS 2011). These economic factors suggest that investment in the hairdressing industry, at least in the foreseeable future, is likely to be worthwhile. Table 1: Revenue Outlook in the Hairdressing Industry (IBIS 2011) Comment [T11]: In presenting aspects of the ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK for the report, it is often necessary to define terms (eg. ‘the economic element’). Often direct quotes are used in such definitions, so as to be really precise about what it is that’s being discussed. Note that when you use a DIRECT QUOTE, you need to give the page number of the reference. Comment [T12]: It is often useful to use TABLES and FIGURES in reports. When you do use these, you need to refer to the TABLE in your text (eg. â€Å"as indicated in Table 1†). Comment [T13]: When using TABLES, you need always to give these a number (e. g. Table 1) and a title (e. g. Revenue Outlook in Hairdressing Industry) along with where you sourced the information (e. g. IBIS 2011). INDUSTRY OUTLOOK Revenue AUD Million Growth % 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 3, 292. 0 3, 180. 0 3, 291. 0 3, 430. 0 3, 556. 0 3, 670. 0 -2. 2 -3. 4 3. 5 4. 2 3. 7 3. 3 name and student number Page 3 2. 1. 2 Legal/Political element The legal/political element refers to the â€Å"legal and governmental systems within which an organisation must function† (Bartol et al. 008, p 72). The two major legal areas that need to be complied with in the hairdressing and beauty industry are occupational health and safety OHS), employment law. Occupational health and safety laws exist to ensure a hairdressing salon is safe for both employees and the public. Various employment laws prescribe minimum wages and training requirements for businesses in the industry. The client will alrea dy be compliant with these two areas, and so it is not expected that they would impose any additional burdens in the establishing of a new outlet. It is noted that the imminent introduction of the Federal Government’s Carbon Tax could result in additional costs e. g. higher electricity bills, as a result of energy companies passing on the costs of the carbon price (Clean energy future: helping small business 2011). In any proposed new outlet, the client can offset any potential additional energy costs through the use of energy-saving appliances and amenities. 2. 1. 3 Technological element The technology element refers to â€Å"the current state of knowledge regarding production of products services (Bartol et al. 2008). According to IBIS; â€Å"technology in the hairdressing industry has not changed dramatically in recent times† (IBIS 2011 p. 24). The more significant technological developments have occurred in the beauty components of the industry (eg. laser treatments), though it is noted that these often require substantial economic investment, and may not be affordable for smaller scale operations (Service Skills Australia 2011). One area that is worth investing in is not technology concerned with the actual delivery of hairdressing and beauty services, but with ancillary technologies that support customer queries and bookings. Customers typically expect products and services to be delivered in a shorter time frame, and so salons need to invest in up-to-date IT facilities that will enable them to provide appropriate levels of customer service (Service Skills Australia 2011). Another important technology in the industry is social media (Facebook and Twitter) and its potential as a marketing tool. As Baltzan and Phillips (2010 p. 513) explain: â€Å"social networks help forge community with, and among, would-be customers†. 2. 1. Socio-cultural/demographic element The sociocultural/demographic element refers to the â€Å"attitudes, values, norms, beliefs, behaviours and associated demographic trends characteristic of a given geographic area† (Bartol et al. 2008, p. 73). Victoria is currently experiencing high population growth, lead only by NSW. It is interesting to note that while population growth is high in the state, the rate of growth in the hair and beauty industry in Victoria is relatively low (see Table 2). These data also point to relatively low volatility in the industry, suggesting that investment in the industry in Victoria is generally a sound proposition. ame and student number Page 4 Comment [T14]: Notice how this subsection begins in the same way as the previous sub-section i. e. with a definition. You will see that all of the subsequent sections begin in the same way. Report writing often relies on predictable, repetitive structures. Comment [T15]: This is another in-text reference to a TABLE Table 2 Growth rate and volatility in hairdressing and beauty State/Territory Queensland Western Australia New South Wales South Australia ACT Victoria Tasmania Northern Territory Average annual growth rate (2003-2007) 5. % 5. 1% 3. 8% 3. 0% 2. 2% 1. 9% 1. 9% -2. 4% Volatility (2006) 42. 5% 40. 3% 38. 0% 34. 5% 48. 7% 37. 7% 31. 6% 61. 9% More specifically in the Prahran area (the location of the proposed new outlet), the notable demographic trend is the relatively low average age of the p opulace, with the most populous group being in the 25-29 year segment (Population and household forecast: Prahran 2011). Population forecasts suggest that the area’s youthful character will continue into the future with the same segment expected to dominate in 2021. Other significant demographic features are the ethnic diversity of the populace, along with its relative affluence (Community profile: Prahran 2011). A significant trend in this younger inner urban demographic is the increasing interest shown by young men in grooming and appearance, sometimes associated with the so-called ‘metrosexual’ lifestyle (IBIS World Report 2011, p. 9). Such a trend has seen the decline of demand for traditional barbershop services, and dominance in inner urban areas of the unisex salon. While the hairdressing and beauty market continues to be dominated by the female customer base, major opportunities exist to expand product and service offerings for males. 2. 1. 5 International/global element The international/global element refers to â€Å"developments in countries outside of an organization’s home country with potential to influence the organization (Bartol et al. 2008, p. 32). The hairdressing industry in Australia is almost an entirely domestically-based industry, currently having virtually no import or export profile (IBIS 2010). The international element is thus not a relevant one to the proposed business plan. It is noted however that over the coming years, the door may become open for foreign franchises to establish themselves, and so this may have some impact on competition in the industry into the future (IBIS 2010). name and student number Page 5 2. 2 Task Environment Comment [T16]: This sub- section (Task Environment) is the second major part of the Findings section. Notice how the report uses a LINKING sentence here to indicate that the report is moving on to a new section. Along with analysis of the Mega Environment, the study also focused on the Task Environment as it relates to the proposed business. The Task Environment is made up of specific external elements that an organisation faces in their immediate environment, In this case, the task environment refers to the metropolitan area of Melbourne area, and more specifically the area of Prahran and its environs, which is where the proposed business would be located. Unlike the Mega Environment, the organisation can have influence over the task elements in this environment through extensive research and planning. Elements of Task Environment include customers and clients, labour supply, suppliers, competitors and government bodies (Bartol et al. 2011, p. 76). 2. 2. 1 Customers and clients Customers and clients refer to â€Å"individuals and organisations purchasing products and services† (Bartol et al. 2011, p. 76). As noted in 2. 1. 4, the Prahran area has a generally younger residential profile, and so this group needs to be the focus of the products and services that might be offered. It is also noted that the area is quite ethnically diverse, with 27. 9% of its resident being born overseas. This suggests the need for flexibility in the types of hair and beauty services available. An important characteristic of the hair and beauty industry is the importance of a loyal customer base (IBIS, 2011). Typically customers will rely on the one salon if they are satisfied with the service they receive. It is thus important for a salon to build up a base of satisfied clients, to ensure repeat visits and attract new customers through good word-of-mouth, and effective marketing. Another feature of the potential customer base is the relative affluence of the Prahran area. This has implications for pricing strategies. IBIS (2011, p. 13) notes that the hairdressing industry operates in an environment of â€Å"significant price competition†, though suggests that this is often based on a misconception â€Å"that price is the deciding factor for clients†. These facts suggest that the focus of any expanded business should be on the provision of high quality, as opposed to low cost services. 2. 2. 2 Competitors Competitors refers to â€Å"other organisations offering (or with a high potential to offer) rival products/services† (Bartol et al. 2011, p. 76) The Prahran area is generally well-served by hairdressing outlets. An online search under Hairdressers in Prahran identified 28 different salons (Yellow Pages 2011) with most of these offering medium to high-end services. Table 3 provides a list of the salons with highest turnover in the area. name and student number Page 6 Table 3: Salons with highest turnover in Prahran area Salon 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Mark Anthony Ruben’s La Bella Vita Kaz Deep Blue Sea Rap Unzels Snipz Live And Let Dye Hair Today Gone tomorrow 10. Shear Bliss Average haircut prices Mens Ladies 95 95 85 77 75 70 65 67 48 40 55 55 70 58 75 45 50 45 40 40 High End, Middle, Low End H H H M M M M L L L It is noted that there is wide differential pricing between female and male hairdressing. In some cases there is close to parity in pricing for both sexes; in other cases, female haircuts are close to twice the price of males. With the recommended focus on product and service offerings for males, it is suggested that pricing for these services be strongly competitive. 2. 2. 3 Labour Supply Labour supply refers to individuals potentially employable by an organisation (diversity and characteristics of the labour market) (Bartol et al. 011, p. 76) Hairdressing is recognised as one of the ‘skill shortage professions’ by the federal government and is listed on the Migration Occupations in Demand List (MODL) (Service Skills Australia 2011). This means that the labour supply in the future will increasingly include staff from non-English speaking backgrounds. To take advantage of these opportunities, any prospective new outlet would need to achieve a good match between the cultural background of prospective staff and the ethnic profile of the area. The growing Asian (Chinese) composition of the Prahran area was previously noted (Section 2. 1. 4). Retention of talent is recognised as a significant issue for the hairdressing and beauty industries, with high turnover of staff often a problem for businesses (Service Skills Australia 2011). Increasingly it is seen as critical to fully engage employees in the industry both by developing the skill of employees, and providing clear career pathways (Service Skills Australia 2011). Support for staff to undertake Certificate IV and Diploma training is seen as an appropriate way of initiating this process. Comment [T17]: This is an example of CROSS-REFERENCING – and can be a useful way to LINK material in different sections of the report name and student number Page 7 2. 2. 4 Suppliers Suppliers refers to â€Å"organisations and individuals supplying resources and organisation needs to conduct its operations† (Bartol et al. 2011, p. 76). The main material resources needed for the proposed business are the variety of haircare products used in the salon. These will not represent a major cost to the business. It is suggested these are sourced at the most competitive rate via the internet. As stated in 2. 1. 3, a major organisational need is the use of up-to-date IT facilities that will enable the delivery of high levels of customer service (booking system etc. ). It is suggested that careful selection is made of an appropriate supplier of these services. 2. 2. 5 Government Agencies Government agencies refer to â€Å"agencies providing services and monitoring compliance with laws and regulations at local state or regional and national levels† (Bartol et al. 2011, p. 76). The main relevant agency of the proposed business will be City of Stonnington located at Prahran Town Hall. The main area of compliance is minimum hygiene standards required under the Public Health and Wellbeing Act 2008 and related guidelines (Stonington Council: Personal Care 2011). 3. Conclusions and Recommendations The main question considered in this study was whether the establishing of a hairdressing salon in the Prahran area is a viable option for the client. Based on the preceding analysis, both of the mega and task environments, the conclusion drawn is that such an expansion of the business is likely to be a sound investment. The study also considered a range of marketing and management issues that would need to be considered to ensure the success of the business. Accordingly, the following recommendations are made: the target customer base should be younger clients (20-30 age segment), with some emphasis on products and services for young males. the focus should be on high quality as opposed to low costs services and products. products and services should take account of the multicultural composition of the area, especially the growing number of residents from Asian backgrounds. Comment [T18]: In presenting the CONCLUSIONS, it is always a good idea to remind the reader what the PURPOSE of the study was. Your main CONCLUSION will be your response to this purpose. Comment [T19]: RECOMMENDATIONS are often set out as dot points. You will notice that all of the RECOMMENDATIONS here are framed around the word ‘should’. HINT: All RECOMMENDATIONS you make in a report must relate to your discussion in the early parts of the report. In other words, each RECOMMENDATION needs to flow on logically from the analysis you have made of that particular idea in the report. ame and student number Page 8 investment in technology should be primarily focused on ancillary technologies that support customer queries and bookings. in line with the area’s younger and affluent demographic, marketing strategies should be mainly organised around the use of social media. selection of staff should seek to reflect the demographics of the area, including recruitment of Asi an background staff to ensure the retention of staff, an emphasis should be placed on developing the skills of staff, and providing clear career pathway. name and student number.

Medical Marijauna Essays - Entheogens, Antiemetics, Herbalism

Medical Marijauna Medical Marijuana The use of marijuana for medicinal purposes is an extremely controversial subject. There are many supporters, as well as many that are in opposition to the use of marijuana in any situation. Parties on both sides of the issue are regularly bringing forth new information to endorse their case. Marijuana, made from an Indian hemp plant that bears the name cannabis sativa, is a mixture of stems, leaves, and flowering tops. The flowering tops are smoked for the tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC, that is concentrated there. THC is the main psychoactive ingredient in marijuana. The use of marijuana as folk medicine began in Central Asia as far back as 3000 B.C. Its use as a pleasure-inducing drug began in the 1900s, becoming widespread in the 1960s and 1970s. In the 60s and 70s, marijuana became the second most popular drug, alcohol being the first. This trend continues today (Berger). The intoxication, or high acquired due to the smoking of marijuana, has two phases. These ph ases are initial stimulation followed by pleasant tranquillity. The initial stimulation includes giddiness and euphoria, then sedation and tranquillity (Berger). Another of the results of smoking marijuana is an increase in appetite known commonly as the munchies. Because loss of appetite and nausea are common side effects of illnesses for which marijuana is a possible medicine, the munchies is one of marijuanas most valuable medicinal uses (Thompson 149). There are many mistaken objections pertaining to the use of marijuana as a medicine. One of the most common of these myths is that marijuana is highly addictive, and that long-term users experience physical withdrawals when marijuana use is stopped. In actuality, most marijuana smokers smoke the drug only on occasion (Science 3). Marijuana has not been proven physically addicting and no physical withdrawal symptoms occur when use is discontinued (Berger). Another myth commonly used to discourage the use of marijuana as a medicine is that marijuana has been scientifically proven to be harmful. In 1972,after reviewing scientific evidence, the National Commission on Marijuana and Drug Abuse concluded that while marijuana is not totally safe, its dangers had been grossly overstated (Morgan 1). In 1995, based on thirty years of scientific research, editors of the British medical journal Lancet concluded that the smoking of cannabis, even long term, is not harmful to health (Science 1). Many anti-medical marijuana supporters have said that there is not medicinal value in marijuana. They claim that safer, more effective drugs, such as Marinol, are available. Marinol is a synthetic version of THC. In reality, smoked marijuana has been shown to reduce nausea induced by chemotherapy, increase appetites in AIDS patients, and reduce intraocular pressure in people with glaucoma. Marinol is a synthetic THC capsule and is available by prescription but is not as effective as smoked marijuana for many patients. Furthermore, pure THC may produce more unpleasant psychoactive side effects than smoked marijuana (Morgan 2). Marinol is more expensive than regular marijuana and seems to cause higher levels of anxiety and depression. Also, because one of the main problems combated in chemotherapy is nausea and vomiting, a pill is probably not the best idea for treatment (Thompson 149). There is a theory that marijuana is a gateway drug. Anti-marijuana supporters believe that even if marijuana itself causes minimal harm, it is a dangerous substance because it leads to the use of harder drugs such as heroin, LSD, and cocaine. Supporters dismiss this theory as a casual explanation for the statistical association between common and uncommon drugs, which changes as drugs change in prevalence (Morgan 4). Supporters explain that because marijuana is the most popular illegal drug in the US today, people who have used less popular drugs such as heroin, cocaine, or LSD, have probably used marijuana. Also, for the large majority of people, marijuana is a terminus rather than a gateway drug because a person does not crave a better high when he or she uses it (Morgan 4). One of the most common objections to legalizing marijuana for medical use is that it will set a bad example for children targeted by drug pushers. However, because marijuana would only be prescribed for seriously ill patients, the idea of smoking